IPN 2026

Title: From expert consensus to clinical practice of mNGS in severe pediatric infections

1. The background of the formation of the Chinese expert consensus on the application of metagenomic high-throughput sequencing technology in pathogen detection of infectious diseases 2. Interpretation of the content of expert consensus 3. Experience Sharing on the interpre [....] » Read More

Title: Neuroimaging by evaluation nerverenovate and neuroplasticity of acupuncture in children with cerebral palsy

Objective: To investigate the effect of and Acupuncture on brain plasticity and motor development in children with cerebral palsy. Investigate effect on mechanism of apoptosis of brain nerve cells, regulating the expression of neurotrophic factors, promoting the remodeling of ner [....] » Read More

Title: Who says at-risk infants and children can’t do it? Raise potential and grow grit by offering challenge amid rich milieus

Ideas drive social innovation, but unjust mindsets hurt babies; social and physical pain fire along the same neural circuits. Bias facing young babies born with congenital or other early medical conditions puts them at risk of less optimal cognitive functioning. Early vulnerabili [....] » Read More

Title: ADHD, ASD, and Neurodiversity – is it time to move on?

In this address Dr Fry, Consultant Integrative Child Psychiatrist and ex-GP will discuss his journey to questioning the continued utility of the diagnoses “ADHD, ASD and Neurodiversity” and look at other ways of thinking about those presentations, which appear to be m [....] » Read More

Title: Nurturing resilience — A foster parent and doula’s perspective on social pediatrics and holistic child health

As a foster parent to 98 children, over two decades as a pharmaceutical executive and a certified doula, my lived experience has offered a front-line perspective on the critical intersection of social pediatrics and child health. This presentation will explore how integrative, co [....] » Read More

Title: Neurodevelopmental milestones in neuromuscular diseases

Neuromuscular diseases are part of a complex group of diseases that can have one of four locations: the motor neuron, muscle, neuromuscular junction, and peripheral nerve. They can have a hereditary etiology or be acquired. Among the most important neuromuscular diseases to be aw [....] » Read More

Title: Update in preventing invasive neumococcal disease

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major respiratory pathogen. The spread of S pneumoniae to sterile sites, such as the blood and brain, leads to invasive pneumococcal disease. Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) remains a serious health threat for infants and can result i [....] » Read More

Title: Measles outbreaks: Unreasonable not be vaccinated

Background: Measles is an exanthematous disease caused by a virus of the genus Morbillivirus, which most often affects children, is a highly contagious, airborne viral disease that can lead to severe complications and death. It is a disease preventable by vaccination.   [....] » Read More

Title: Calorie content of breast milk: Response to a weekly nutritional strategy for breastfeeding mothers

INTRODUCTION: The nutrition of lactating women is crucial for the health of both mother and infant. Lactating women should meet increased nutritional requirements, since during lactation, the needs for almost all nutrients increase due to breast milk production.3 Regardin [....] » Read More

Title: Impact of involvement of NGO in strengthening breast feeding practices and milk donation in a resource limited health care facility

Background: Early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life are crucial for the growth, development, and survival of new-borns. Early breastfeeding significantly reduces infection-related infant morbidity and mortality and is one of [....] » Read More

Title: Iron status in healthy term breastfed infants in early infancy: A prospective cohort study

Background: Iron deficiency (ID) and Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a serious public health problem in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs). However, there is paucity of data on iron status in early infancy. So, we investigated the proportion of ID and IDA among term healt [....] » Read More

Title: In-Situ umbilical venous catheterization replacement guided by guide wire through side hole in a preterm infant

Complications may occur in umbilical venous catheterization, such as catheter rupture and vascular perforation. Here we report a case of in-situ ruptured umbilical venous catheterization replacement guided by guide wire through side hole in a preterm female infant. She had a birt [....] » Read More

Title: Analysis of clinical features and risk factors for severe pertussis in children

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics and risk factors of severe pertussis in children, aiming to provide evidence for early identification of severe cases and optimization of intervention strategies.   Methods: Retrospectively analyze the clinical data of [....] » Read More

Title: Study on the correlation between retrograde ductus arteriosus flow and right ventricular function evaluated by Z-score of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion in fetuses with Ebstein anomaly

Background: Ebstein anomaly (EA) is a rare congenital heart defect associated with significant perinatal morbidity and mortality, including intrauterine fetal death. Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction plays a key role in the hemodynamic compromise observed in these fetuses. This [....] » Read More

Title: Machine learning models based on ultrasound parameters and clinical data for predicting reversed ductus arteriosus flow in fetuses with Ebstein’s anomaly

Background: Ebstein’s anomaly (EA) is a rare congenital heart defect characterized by downward displacement of the tricuspid valve, which can lead to severe right heart dysfunction and adverse perinatal outcomes. Retrograde ductus arteriosus flow (RDAF) is an important hemo [....] » Read More

Title: Application of childlike fun nursing in anesthesia induction for bronchoalveolar lavage in children

Objective:  To analyze the application effect of childlike fun nursing in anesthesia induction for bronchoalveolar lavage in children, and to provide a reference for improving the cooperation of children during anesthesia. Methods: A total of 80 children who under [....] » Read More

Title: Association of play duration and cognitive development in preschoolers (3-6 years) and school children

Background: The value of play is increasingly recognised, by researchers, for adults as well as children, as the evidence of its relationship with intellectual achievement and emotional well-being keeps increasing. Even-though a lot of studies have found the positive effects of p [....] » Read More

Title: Case series of hybrid lung lesion combining Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation (CPAM) and pulmonary Sequestration (PS), with Bilateral Pulmonary Sequestration and Literature Review

Introduction: Bilateral Pulmonary Sequestration (PS) is an exceptionally uncommon variant, characterized by non-functioning lung tissue supplied by systemic arteries on both sides, Hybrid lesions combining PS and Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation (CPAM) represent a complex [....] » Read More

Title: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and neonatal indirect hyperbilirubinemia: a retrospective cohort study among 40,305 consecutively born babies

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDD) being highly prevalent in the Middle East, the primary objective was to estimate the incidence of neonatal jaundice among G6PD-deficient neonates and to explore its association with various risk factor [....] » Read More

Title: Prevalence and economic impact of bovine fasciolosis at the kampala city abattoir

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of bovine fasciolosis in indigenous cattle slaughtered I Kampala City abattoir and to compare the diagnostic efficiency of faecal and post mortem examination.The study also assessed the economic impact of bovine fasciolosis [....] » Read More

Title: Effectiveness of conventional cognitive-behavioral therapy and its computerized version on reduction in pain intensity, depression, anger, and anxiety in children with cancer: a randomized, controlled trial

This randomized controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of conventional cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and its computerized version (cCBT) in reducing pain intensity, depression, anger, and anxiety in children with cancer. Forty-five children aged 9–12 years wer [....] » Read More

Title: Advancing the use of energy expenditure assessment through doubly-labelled water: global insights and applications in physical activity research in children and adolescents

The accurate quantification of total energy expenditure (TEE) under free-living conditions remains central to understanding human metabolism, physical activity, and energy balance. The doubly-labelled water (DLW) technique, recognized as the global criterion for measuring free-li [....] » Read More

Title: Facilitating factors and barriers affecting exercise adherence among children diagnosed with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) in a pediatric hospital, Sri Lanka

Introduction DMD (Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy) is a moderately uncommon disease among children, which affects the activities of daily living. It is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness which typically diagnosed in early childhood. Th [....] » Read More

Title: Beyond words: The role of alternative communication in hearing the voice of the child in paediatrics

Background: The right of children to express their views in all matters affecting them is enshrined in Article 12 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). However, the ‘voice of the child’ extends beyond spoken language. Clinical discussions often rely [....] » Read More

Title: The effect of arm concealment and distraction techniques on fear, anxiety and pain reduction in pediatric venipuncture: A randomized control trial

Background: Venipuncture frequently causes significant fear and anxiety in children. While distraction techniques are effective, the combined effect of arm concealment and distraction remains largely unexplored. This Randomized Control Trial (RCT) aims to evaluate the effectivene [....] » Read More

Title: Pediatric emergency Airways: CRIB to college

Pediatric airway emergencies remain among the most anxiety-provoking and technically challenging scenarios encountered by prehospital providers. While infrequent, these high-stakes situations demand a deep understanding of both anatomical and physiological considerations unique t [....] » Read More

Title: Early clinical exposure in medical education: The newborn nursery clinical experience

The Newborn Nursery Clinical Experience is an innovative, early exposure for medical students to the hospital setting and family medicine. Early in their second year, our medical students are immersed into the Newborn Nursery, while also experiencing the neonatal intensive care u [....] » Read More

Title: The ethics of resuscitation in extremely premature infants

Extremely preterm birth at 23–25 weeks’ gestational age represents a profound ethical “grey zone,” where resuscitation is neither universally obligatory nor impermissible. While survival and neurodevelopmental outcomes have improved, prognostication remain [....] » Read More

Title: Integrating education, health and climate resilience to combat poverty: A community-based UN SDG case study in Faisalabad, Pakistan

Background Women face violence, exploitation, unequal pay, and discrimination. Gender equality is a basic human right and key to a peaceful, prosperous, and a sustainable world. Persistent inequality deepens women’s poverty, hindering social progress." It is educati [....] » Read More

Title: Multidisciplinary treatment options for tooth avulsion

Avulsion of permanent teeth is the most serious of all typesof traumatic tooth injuries because the complete dislodgement of the tooth from its socket causes severe damage to the supporting tissues, vascular and nerve structures and pose a major public dental health problem [1-7] [....] » Read More

Title: Experience of early childhood intervention in Ukraine: Possibilities of intersectoral cooperation and internationally recognized practices during the war

The development of early childhood intervention (ECI) for families with young children with developmental delays, disabilities and at risk in Ukraine has a long history. This story began in the early 2000s, but gained special dynamics from 2008-2009, thanks to partnerships with i [....] » Read More

Title: Child marriage as a public health challenge: Addressing the hidden burden on adolescent health and development

Background: Child marriage—defined as a formal or informal union where one or both partners are under the age of 18—remains a major global public health and human rights challenge. Each year, an estimated 12 million girls are married before their 18th birthday (UNICE [....] » Read More

Title: Management of ingrown toenail

Ingrown toenail is a common podiatric condition characterized by the penetration of the nail edge into the adjacent periungual soft tissue, most frequently affecting the great toe. It typically presents with pain, erythema, edema, and, in advanced cases, infection. Although it ca [....] » Read More

Title: Experience of early childhood intervention in Ukraine: Possibilities of intersectoral cooperation and internationally recognized practices during the war

The development of early childhood intervention (ECI) for families with young children with developmental delays, disabilities and at risk in Ukraine has a long history. This story began in the early 2000s, but gained special dynamics from 2008-2009, thanks to partnerships with i [....] » Read More

Title: Ultrasonographic thyroid volume in iodine?sufficient schoolchildren aged 6–12 years: sex differences, age trends, and association with urinary iodine background

Beckground: Ultrasonographic reference values for pediatric thyroid volume may vary across populations, even in iodine?sufficient settings. We assessed thyroid volume in healthy children and examined its relationship with age, sex, and urinary iodine concentration (UIC), comparin [....] » Read More

Title: AMPARO: Technology with care actions for children up to one year of age after maternal death

The AMPARO technology was developed with the objective of systematizing and monitoring the care of children under one year of age whose mothers died during childbirth or the postpartum period. This population is in a situation of vulnerability, as maternal absence compromises acc [....] » Read More

Title: The empowerment on implementation integrated management of childhood illness to contribute of reduce mortality and mobility rate in aileu and liquça, Timor leste

The influence of community empowerment, and health promotion strategies on the implementation of Integrated Management of childhood Illness (IMCI) through local wisdom has been studied in the Timor Leste region. Timor Leste is one of the countries with the highest mortality rates [....] » Read More

Title: Should we test and treat the fever triggers or the fever that creates the immune system against the fever triggers?

Fever is one of the least knowledgeable topics in modern science. Looking at medical journals and medical books, modern science does not even know the basic facts about fever. Modern science does not know what the purpose of fever is, what fever is, what to do to get a feve [....] » Read More

Title: AI-powered decision support system for early diagnosis and risk assessment in neonatal and pediatric care

Early diagnosis and accurate risk assessment are critical determinants of survival and long-term health outcomes in neonatal and pediatric care. However, clinical decision-making is often challenged by limited time, high patient variability, and incomplete data. This study presen [....] » Read More

Title: The Silent Epidemic : Non Communicable Diseases in Students

To be updated shortly...

Title: Containing a multidrug-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae outbreak in a level III NICU: A retrospective cohort study

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of neonatal sepsis, particularly in preterm infants. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains poses significant challenges for NICU infection control and clinical management. In December 2024–January 2025, ou [....] » Read More

Title: Very early-onset gastrointestinal and immune dysregulation due to TPPII Deficiency: A case report from south India

Tripeptidyl peptidase II (TPPII) deficiency is an extremely rare autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency caused by biallelic mutations in the TPP2 gene. It manifests with a combination of immune dysregulation, recurrent infections, autoimmune cytopenias, and developmental de [....] » Read More

Title: Chronic budd–chiari syndrome in a child with ulcerative colitis: A rare extraintestinal manifestation

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), frequently presents with extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs), especially involving the joints, skin, and hepatobiliary system. While primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis are know [....] » Read More

Title: Follow-up of high-risk newborn infants

High-risk newborns—such as preterm infants, those with very low birth weight, and those requiring intensive neonatal care—are at increased risk for various health complications. Advances in neonatal medicine have improved survival, but these infants remain vulnerable [....] » Read More

Title: Physiotherapy in early detection and intervention of rare pediatric diseases - case series from Saudi Arabia

Background: Rare pediatric neurological disorders often manifest with subtle motor and developmental signs that may be overlooked in early stages. The prevalence of rare diseases (RDs) in Saudi Arabia is considered high compared to other parts of the world due to the high freq [....] » Read More

Title: A ten-year retrospective study on the clinical and microbiological characteristics of early onset neonatal sepsis at a single tertiary care institution

Introduction: Early onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The most common etiologic agent for EOS was known to be Group B Streptococcus (GBS) and Escherichia coli. However, causative pathogens and its antibiotic susceptibilit [....] » Read More

Title: Efficacy and safety of the use of probiotics in pediatric cancer patients (Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)) Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Meta-Analysis

Leukemia is the most common cancer in children younger than five years of age and accounts for the highest percentage of deaths with ALL as the leading cause of death among children and adolescents. Chemotherapy causes immunosuppression and the disruption of the structural integr [....] » Read More

Title: Analysis of the etiology and clinical features of exogenous aspiration pneumonia in children

Objective: Analyze the etiology and clinical features of exogenous aspiration pneumonia in children to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.   Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 88 children with exogenous aspiratio [....] » Read More

Title: Nurse parental support using a proactive mobile app to enhance parental self-efficacy in symptom management for the children requiring mechanical ventilation

Background: Children with medical complexity (CMC) who require mechanical ventilation often experience multiple physical and psychological symptoms that significantly impact their quality of life (QoL). The literature suggests that enhancing parental self-efficacy in managin [....] » Read More

Title: Neonatal candida ciferrii infections: An emerging rare yeast identified in tertiary NICU in South India

BACKGROUND: Candida infections have been on rise in ICU settings in recent trends , Candida cifferrii is very rare and emerging pathogen, with only few cases reported worldwide. Its identification has been challenging due to frequent misidentification and misclassification and [....] » Read More

Title: Assessment of vitamin d supply of vegetarian children

Introduction. The popularity of restrictive diets is trending upward in most countries of the world. The use of vegetarian diets in children is of concern to experts since a deficiency of certain nutrients can lead to delayed psychomotor and physical development of a child. It ha [....] » Read More

Title: Transformative clinical simulation: History, consolidation, and impact in the first year of the CeSiCS

Background: The Health Sciences Simulation Center (CeSiCS) of the University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, was established with the goal of enhancing experiential learning across health-related degree programs. This initiative emerged as a respons [....] » Read More

Title: Neonatal hyperglycemia: Current evidence, risks, and management challenges in resource-limited settings

Hyperglycemia is a frequent metabolic complication in preterm and very low birth weight neonates, with an incidence ranging from 25–80% depending on gestational age and illness severity. Despite being associated with significant morbidity and mortality, including intraventr [....] » Read More

Title: Application of modern wound treatment for newborn babies with epidermolysis bullosa acqusita in the nicu of budi kemuliaan hospital, Jakarta: Case report

Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita (EBA) is considered one of the rarest subepidermal bullous diseases in Western Europe, with an estimated annual incidence ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 cases per million people. The condition arises due to autoantibodies targeting collagen type VII, an i [....] » Read More

Title: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiology of common childhood infections in the federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2018–2024)

Background: While the global focus during the COVID-19 pandemic was directed at SARS-CoV-2 containment, collateral effects on other infectious diseases—particularly in children—have been underreported. In the pediatric population, lockdowns, school closures, and socia [....] » Read More

Title: Neonatal hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia with a pathogenic KCNJ11 variant – A case report

Introduction: Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is the most common cause of persistent hypoglycemia in neonates. Prompt recognition and treatment are essential to prevent neurological damage. Mutations in genes regulating insulin secretion, especially KCNJ11, are frequently implic [....] » Read More

Title: Physiotherapeutic rehabilitation strategies for juvenile ankylosing spondylitis with HLA-B27 association: A case report

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic, progressive inflammatory arthritis primarily affecting the axial skeleton, often leading to pain, stiffness, and potential spinal fusion. Although more prevalent in young adults, juvenile onset AS is rare and presents unique challenges in [....] » Read More